Melocactus matazanus is native to the rocky limestone coasts of Matanzas province, Cuba. It is a monocarpic species producing a persistent red-orange cephalium, a key diagnostic trait within Melocactus. Globose stem 10-15 cm diameter with 8-10 prominent ribs; radial spines slender, 1-2 cm long; dark green color with bluish tones under full sun. Cylindrical cephalium up to 6 cm, densely covered by orange hairs.
Provide full direct sunlight for minimum 6 hours daily. Water during spring-summer only, preventing waterlogging; substrate composed of at least 70% coarse sand and gravel. Minimum temperature 12°C; prone to root rot if overwatered.